large-scale machine production

1) прил. к машина

2) (сделанный с помощью станков, механизмов и т.п.) machine (attr)

3) информ. computer (attr)

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f < Ind> production, manufacturing capacity, output, shop floor ■ die Produktion ausweiten < Ind> expand output ■ Produktion einschränken <Geschäft, Ind> scale down production ■ die Produktion erhöhen < Ind> increase production ■ Produktion herunterfahren <Geschäft, Ind> scale down production ■ die Produktion steigern < Ind> increase production ■ die Produktion umschalten < Ind> switch production ■ etw. in Produktion geben < Ind> put sth into production

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f production

produzione giornaliera daily production or output

produzione in serie mass production

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produzione s.f.

1 production; ( fabbricazione) manufacturing: la produzione del formaggio, della seta, the production of cheese, of silk; un terreno adatto alla produzione del grano, a piece of land suitable for the production of corn; produzione nazionale, estera, home, foreign production (o manufacture); articolo di produzione italiana, Italian-made (o Italian-manufactured) article; articolo di produzione straniera, article of foreign manufacture; merci di nostra produzione, goods of our own production; gelato di produzione propria, home-made ice cream; spese di produzione, production expenses (o expenses of production); tecnica di produzione, manufacturing technique; aumentare la produzione, to increase (o to boost) production; diminuire la produzione, to cut (o to slow) down (o to reduce) production; paralizzare la produzione, to cripple production; occuparsi dei problemi della produzione, to deal with production problems // (econ.): produzione eccessiva, overproduction; produzione efficiente, streamlined production; produzione in serie, di massa, mass- (o standardized) production; produzione in grande serie, volume manufacturing; produzione su larga scala, large-scale production; produzione in partecipazione, joint production; produzione indiretta, indirect (o round-about) production; produzione su commessa, job production; direttore di produzione, production manager // (fin.) produzione dei redditi, income yield

2 (quantità prodotta in un dato tempo da macchine, industrie ecc.) production, output: produzione oraria per lavoratore, man-hour output; la produzione annua di una fabbrica, di una miniera, the annual output of a factory, of a mine; la produzione di quest'anno dell'industria vinicola, this year's output in the wine industry; la produzione giornaliera di una macchina, the daily output of a machine // produzione globale, aggregate output // capacità di produzione, production capacity

3 (estens.) ( opera prodotta dall'ingegno) production: produzione artistica, letteraria, artistic, literary production; la produzione teatrale di Pirandello, Pirandello's theatrical production

4 (cinem.) production: una nuova produzione di Walt Disney, a new production by Walt Disney; il film è una produzione italo-tedesca, the film is an Italo-German production

5 ( esibizione) exhibition, production: (amm.) produzione di documenti, exhibition (o production) of documents; (dir.) produzione di un testimonio, production (o calling) of a witness.

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sostantivo femminile

1) make, production; (in fabbrica) output, production, throughput; (di dati, elettricità, reddito) generation

2) (insieme dei prodotti) production, yield

3) biol. fis. production

4) cinem. telev.

5) (artistica) work, output

6) dir. (di prove) production

•

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produzione

/produt'tsjone/

sostantivo f.

 1 make, production; (in fabbrica) output, production, throughput; (di dati, elettricità, reddito) generation; un leader mondiale nella produzione di automobili a world leader in car manufacturing; produzione propria = own production; birra di produzione propria home brew(ed) beer

 2 (insieme dei prodotti) production, yield; produzione agricola crop production; la produzione annuale di latte the annual milk yield

 3 biol. fis. production

 4 cinem. telev. produzione cinematografica film production; produzione teatrale stage production

 5 (artistica) work, output; produzione letteraria literary work

 6 dir. (di prove) production

COMPOUNDS

produzione industriale industrial o manufacturing output; produzione in serie mass production.

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f < Ind> manufacture, manufacturing, production ■ in der Herstellung sein < Geschäft> be in process

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SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

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The young Eastman was a clerk-bookkeeper in the Rochester Savings Bank when in 1877 he took up photography. Taking lessons in the wet-plate process, he became an enthusiastic amateur photographer. However, the cumbersome equipment and noxious chemicals used in the process proved an obstacle, as he said, "It seemed to be that one ought to be able to carry less than a pack-horse load." Then he came across an account of the new gelatine dry-plate process in the British Journal of Photography of March 1878. He experimented in coating glass plates with the new emulsions, and was soon so successful that he decided to go into commercial manufacture. He devised a machine to simplify the coating of the plates, and travelled to England in July 1879 to patent it. In April 1880 he prepared to begin manufacture in a rented building in Rochester, and contacted the leading American photographic supply house, E. \& H.T.Anthony, offering them an option as agents. A local whip manufacturer, Henry A.Strong, invested $1,000 in the enterprise and the Eastman Dry Plate Company was formed on 1 January 1881. Still working at the Savings Bank, he ran the business in his spare time, and demand grew for the quality product he was producing. The fledgling company survived a near disaster in 1882 when the quality of the emulsions dropped alarmingly. Eastman later discovered this was due to impurities in the gelatine used, and this led him to test all raw materials rigorously for quality. In 1884 the company became a corporation, the Eastman Dry Plate \& Film Company, and a new product was announced. Mindful of his desire to simplify photography, Eastman, with a camera maker, William H.Walker, designed a roll-holder in which the heavy glass plates were replaced by a roll of emulsion-coated paper. The holders were made in sizes suitable for most plate cameras. Eastman designed and patented a coating machine for the large-scale production of the paper film, bringing costs down dramatically, the roll-holders were acclaimed by photographers worldwide, and prizes and medals were awarded, but Eastman was still not satisfied. The next step was to incorporate the roll-holder in a smaller, hand-held camera. His first successful design was launched in June 1888: the Kodak camera. A small box camera, it held enough paper film for 100 circular exposures, and was bought ready-loaded. After the film had been exposed, the camera was returned to Eastman's factory, where the film was removed, processed and printed, and the camera reloaded. This developing and printing service was the most revolutionary part of his invention, since at that time photographers were expected to process their own photographs, which required access to a darkroom and appropriate chemicals. The Kodak camera put photography into the hands of the countless thousands who wanted photographs without complications. Eastman's marketing slogan neatly summed up the advantage: "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest." The Kodak camera was the last product in the design of which Eastman was personally involved. His company was growing rapidly, and he recruited the most talented scientists and technicians available. New products emerged regularly—notably the first commercially produced celluloid roll film for the Kodak cameras in July 1889; this material made possible the introduction of cinematography a few years later. Eastman's philosophy of simplifying photography and reducing its costs continued to influence products: for example, the introduction of the one dollar, or five shilling, Brownie camera in 1900, which put photography in the hands of almost everyone. Over the years the Eastman Kodak Company, as it now was, grew into a giant multinational corporation with manufacturing and marketing organizations throughout the world. Eastman continued to guide the company; he pursued an enlightened policy of employee welfare and profit sharing decades before this was common in industry. He made massive donations to many concerns, notably the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and supported schemes for the education of black people, dental welfare, calendar reform, music and many other causes, he withdrew from the day-to-day control of the company in 1925, and at last had time for recreation. On 14 March 1932, suffering from a painful terminal cancer and after tidying up his affairs, he shot himself through the heart, leaving a note: "To my friends: My work is done. Why wait?" Although Eastman's technical innovations were made mostly at the beginning of his career, the organization which he founded and guided in its formative years was responsible for many of the major advances in photography over the years.

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. в обозримом будущем

•

This type of machine will continue most effectively to meet the needs of large-scale production in the foreseeable future.

•

There will be no shortage of communication channels as far ahead as anyone can see.

. в обозримом будущем

•

This type of machine will continue most effectively to meet the needs of large-scale production in the foreseeable future.

•

There will be no shortage of communication channels as far ahead as anyone can see.

1. adj model

2. m model

( indossatore) male model

di vestito style

( formulario) form

information technology template

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modello s.m.

1 (esemplare perfetto) model, paragon, pattern: questo scrittore è un modello di stile, this writer is a model of style; quella donna è un modello di virtù, that woman is a paragon of virtue; un modello di cavalleria, a pattern of chivalry // (dir.) modello di diligenza, standard of care

2 (riproduzione di un originale) model: il modello di una casa, the model of a house; modello di creta, gesso, cera, clay, plaster, wax model; modello in scala, scale model; questa statua è solo il modello di un'opera antica, this statue is just a model of an ancient work; fare un modello di una nave, to make a model of a ship

3 (stampo) mould (anche fig.): questi pezzi sono tutti fatti sullo stesso modello, all these pieces are made from the same mould

4 (corpo su cui si forma lo stampo) (casting) pattern: modello di macchina, pattern of a machine; modello di statua, pattern of a statue

5 (di sartoria) pattern: modello di vestito, pattern of a dress; tagliare sul modello, to cut from a pattern; chi ha disegnato il modello?, who designed this pattern?; il modello dell'abito è bello, ma il tessuto è pessimo, the dress is well-designed but the fabric is very poor

6 (prodotto, creazione industriale) model: gli ultimi modelli di Parigi, the latest models (o fashions) from Paris; il Salone dell'Automobile presenta tutti i nuovi modelli, the Motor Show exhibits all the new models; l'ultimo modello ha i finestrini automatici, the latest model has electronic windows; è un'automobile di vecchio modello, this car is an old model; ne abbiamo diversi modelli, we have a variety of models; modello di serie, standard model; modello fuori serie, special model; produrre un nuovo modello di utilitaria, to produce a new model of economy car // (comm.): modello brevettato, patent model; modello depositato, registered pattern // modello italiano, Italian design

7 (persona, cosa che serve da modello) model: il Manzoni è il suo modello, Manzoni is his model; non si è attenuto al modello, he did not stick to the model; prendere qlcu. per modello, to take s.o. as one's model; servire da modello a un artista, (posare per lui) to sit for an artist; per modello prese un ragazzo qualsiasi, he took an ordinary boy as a model

8 (manichino) manikin, tailor's dummy

9 (mat.) model: teoria dei modelli, model theory; modello matematico, mathematical model // (fis. nucleare) modello (nucleare) a goccia, liquid drop model // (econ.): modello macroeconomico, microeconomico, macroeconomic, microeconomic model; modello econometrico, econometric model; modello di confronto, standard of comparison; modello di mercato, market pattern

10 (inform.) pattern; (di scrittura dati) picture

11 (modulo) form // (trib.) modello 101, tax-return form

◆ agg. exemplary, model (attr.): una fattoria modello, a model farm; ragazza modello, exemplary girl; Anna è una moglie modello, Ann is an exemplary (o a model o a perfect) wife.

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1. sm

1) (gen), fig model, (stampo) mould Brit, mold Am

2) Sartoria model, style, (forma) style

3) Amm form

2. agg inv

(madre, marito, ospedale ecc) model attr

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sostantivo maschile

1) (esempio) model, example, pattern

2) (di prodotto) model, design

3) (di abito) model, design, style

4) art. fot. (male) model

5) (indossatore) (male) (fashion) model

6) (schema) model

7) ind. tecn. (riproduzione) model

8) burocr. (per la dichiarazione dei redditi)

aggettivo [impiegato, marito, scolaro] model attrib., exemplary; [ cittadino] upstanding; [prigione, fabbrica] model attrib., showcase

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modello

/mo'dεllo/ ⇒ 18

I sostantivo m.

 1 (esempio) model, example, pattern; sul modello di on the model o pattern of; seguire un modello to follow a model o an example; prendere qcn. a modello to model oneself on sb.; un modello di chiarezza, eleganza a model of clarity, elegance; modello di comportamento pattern of behaviour

 2 (di prodotto) model, design; l'ultimo modello the latest model; la tenda modello grande the large-size tent

 3 (di abito) model, design, style; un modello estivo, invernale a summer, winter style

 4 art. fot. (male) model; fare da modello a qcn. to pose as a model for sb.

 5 (indossatore) (male) (fashion) model; lavorare come modello to (work as a) model

 6 (schema) model; modello educativo, economico educational, economic model

 7 ind. tecn. (riproduzione) model; modello di aereo model aircraft

 8 burocr. (per la dichiarazione dei redditi) modello 740, 730, unico = various types of income tax return

II aggettivo

 [impiegato, marito, scolaro] model attrib., exemplary; [ cittadino] upstanding; [prigione, fabbrica] model attrib., showcase; questo è un ospedale modello this hospital is a showpiece.